Toxicological implications and laxative potential of ethanol root extract of Morella serrata in loperamide-induced constipated Wistar rats

Context: Morella serrata L. (Myricaceae) is commonly used in South Africa to treat several diseases including constipation.

Objectives: This study investigated toxicological implications and laxative potential of the ethanol root extract of the plant.

Materials and methods: While normal control animals were placed on sterile placebo, the loperamide-constipated rats were treated with the extract at 75, 150 and 300?mg/kg doses for 7 days, and their feeding patterns and faecal properties were monitored. Gastrointestinal transit ratio and the toxicity profile of the tested doses were thereafter evaluated.

Results: The significantly increased faecal volume (192.08%), feed (63.63%), water intake (55.97%) and improved intestinal motility (95.05%) in the constipated rats following treatment with the extract (at 300?mg/kg) suggested laxative potential of the extract. The 1.5–2.0-fold normalization of the platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes counts in the extract-treated constipated rats suggests its non-haematotoxic tendency. Furthermore, the extract (at the highest investigated dose) reversed the attenuation in the concentrations of the electrolytes (0.5–2-fold), total protein (62.12%) and albumin (55.88%) in the constipated animals as well as attenuated activities of hepatic enzymes (0.5–3.0-fold) and levels of urea (126.67%), creatinine (40.32%), cholesterol (3-fold) and triglycerides (9-fold). These further support its non-toxic and therapeutic attributes against constipation.

Conclusion: Overall, the effect exhibited by M. serrata in this study competed well with Senokot (standard drug) and proved that it may be relatively safe and with excellent laxative potential, thus, supporting its pharmacological applications in South Africa.     

青黛及其有效成分抗溃疡性结肠炎药理作用及机制的研究进展

青黛（Indigo Naturalis)是传统中药,临床上已经用于治疗银屑病、急性早幼粒细胞白血病和溃疡性结肠炎。溃疡性结肠炎是一种慢性非特异性的炎症性肠病,近年来发病率逐渐上升。青黛及其效成分靛蓝和靛玉红治疗溃疡性结肠炎时取得显著疗效,其药理作用机制涉及抗炎、促黏膜愈合、维护肠道免疫稳态和调节肠道菌群等多个方面。对近年来青黛及其有效成分靛蓝和靛玉红抗溃疡性结肠炎的药理作用及其机制进行总结,以期为临床合理用药及抗溃疡性结肠炎新药研发提供依据。     

醋酸联合靛胭脂染色对胃黏膜病变诊断的临床价值

目的：探讨内镜下醋酸联合靛胭脂染色对胃黏膜病变的临床诊断价值。方法选择高危患者356例,常规胃镜检查后行醋酸联合靛胭脂染色,分别观察并记录染色前后可疑病变的形态及色泽变化并进行活检。结果①染色检查的低级别上皮内瘤变、高级别上皮内瘤变、早期胃癌检出率均高于常规检查,正常及炎症检出率低于常规检查（P 〈0.05）。②常规检查检出的隆起型病灶占染色检查检出的44.9%,检出正确的平坦型病灶占染色检查检出的55.6%,检出凹陷型病灶占染色检查检出的63.0%;合计检出正确病灶率占染色检查检出的48.7%。结论内镜下醋酸联合靛胭脂染色可显著提高早期胃癌及高级别上皮内瘤变检出率。     

蜈黛软膏治疗慢性湿疹疗效观察

目的观察中药蜈黛软膏对慢性湿疹的疗效。方法采用开放、非对照性临床实验方法对60例慢性湿疹患者进行观察。结果60例患者中痊愈16例,显效27例,有效14例,总有效率95%。结论蜈黛软膏治疗慢性湿疹疗效明显,使用安全。     

胃镜下联合染色观察方法对癌前病变及早期胃癌检出率的影响

目的对比分析普通白光胃镜与联合染色(电子染色+靛胭脂染色)胃镜在早期胃癌和胃癌前病变检出中的差异。方法回顾性分析该院行胃镜检查的患者314例,分为观察组和对照组。观察组(n=157)在普通白光的基础上,用电子染色[内镜窄带成像(NBI)]技术观察胃黏膜变化,对可疑病变行化学技术(靛胭脂染色)染色后,再观察胃黏膜形态色泽的变化,着色异常的黏膜取活检送病理检查;对照组(n=157)采取普通白光胃镜观察胃黏膜,对黏膜异常者(红、白、凸、凹)取活检送病理检查。结果观察组诊断早期胃癌3例,低级别上皮内瘤变54例,高级别上皮内瘤变13例,阳性检出率为10.19%;对照组诊断早期胃癌1例,低级别上皮内瘤变42例,高级别上皮内瘤变7例,阳性检出率为5.10%,两组检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(X~2=8.29,P=0.041)。结论内镜下联合染色技术(电子染色+靛胭脂染色)可明显提高早期胃癌和癌前病变的检出率。     

菘蓝花期靛蓝、靛玉红和多糖分布规律研究

目的 考察菘蓝花期不同部位的靛蓝、靛玉红和多糖的积累分布情况.方法 采用HPLC法测定菘蓝花蕾期及盛花期2个阶段植株不同部位中靛蓝、靛玉红量,并采用苯酚-硫酸法测定各部位的多糖量.结果 靛蓝、靛玉红在叶中分布较多,根、茎、花中较少,其中基部叶的量最高.花蕾期叶中靛蓝、靛玉红量均高于盛花期,花中靛蓝、靛玉红量高于花蕾中的量.多糖在菘蓝全株均有分布,花蕾期根中量最高,盛花期地上部分的上端高于下端.结论 花期的菘蓝体内有靛蓝、靛玉红的分布,且主要分布于叶片内,花蕾期靛蓝、靛玉红总量高于盛花期的总量;多糖在菘蓝中分布有一定的规律,花蕾期根中多糖分布较多,地上部分多糖量有增加趋势.     

不同剂量复方青黛颗粒对溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠血清IL-6、IL-10水平的影响

目的 观察不同剂量复方青黛颗粒对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型大鼠血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平的影响.方法 将70只SD大鼠随机分为6组:空白对照组、模型对照组、柳氮磺胺吡啶(SASP)组、低剂量组(300 mg/ks)、中剂量组(600 mg/kg)及高剂量组(1 200 mg/kg).采用三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)法制备UC大鼠模型,造模成功后各实验组分别给予SASP及不同剂量复方青黛颗粒灌胃,对照组给予等量生理盐水.连续给药10 d后观察各组大鼠给药后结肠组织病理学评分及血清IL-6、IL-10水平的差异.结果 空白对照组结肠组织病理学评分显著低于其他各组(P＜0.01),模型对照组显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),SASP组与高剂量组之间均有显著差异(P＜0.01),不同剂量组之间有显著差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).方差分析表明,空白对照组血清IL-6、IL-10水平与其他各组均有显著差异(P＜0.01),各给药组血清IL-6、IL-10水平均较模型对照组有不同程度改善,其中SASP组及高剂量组IL-6水平显著低于其他组(P＜0.05),高剂量组IL-10水平显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05).结论 复方青黛颗粒可有效改善UC模型大鼠的症状,降低IL.6的表达,并增加IL-10的表达,维持促炎性细胞因子与抗炎性细胞因子之间的平衡.     

八味锡类散质量标准的研究

目的制定八味锡类散质量控制方法。方法采用TLC法对方中的冰片、牛黄进行了定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对方中青黛的靛蓝进行了测定。结果本品定性鉴别薄层色谱特征明显,专属性强;靛蓝在0.218~8.72μg/mL具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为100.66%,RSD为0.88%。结论该方法可以准确地进行定性、定量检测,有效地控制八味锡类散的质量。     

青黛微生物发酵工艺初步研究

目的:研究青黛炮制中的微生物发酵工艺.方法:采用微生物技术、高压液相色谱法研究青黛炮制过程中微生物发酵作用.结果:温度和微氧是青黛炮制过程中影响发酵的关键因素.结论:证明了真菌在青黛炮制中有着重要作用.